Move over, Einstein: Machines will take it from here: To get an idea of how it works, imagine you find a number of equations that seem to relate the height of the pendulum's midpoint and its horizontal position. While a trivial answer would simply relate these two variables, a physical law of motion describes a much deeper connection between them. This means that it can be used to predict, for example, how the height and position change with time. So Schmidt and Lipson decided to use this to test their equations: not only must an equation match the data, in the pendulum's case it must also describe how the pendulum changes in time...
Today, the algorithm is called Eureqa and has thousands of users all over the world, with people using it for everything from financial forecasting to particle physics.
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